Electric Cars or Electric Hybrid Vehicles and Battery Storage

November 6, 2010 By

electric hybrid carsHow are battery storage and electric hybrid vehicles related? Does battery storage of electric cars prove to be truly efficient over time in terms of performance and energy? Batteries have been modeled and developed for over a century to be able to produce vehicles that will be able to deliver and suit peoples needs. Here’s an overview on the developments and innovations.

About Batteries

A rechargeable battery or storage battery consists of a couple of secondary cells. Through electrical energy, the batteries may be fully charged again. The cells are electrochemical using a reversible electrochemical reaction that releases energy. Rechargeable electrochemical cells are an accumulator type using various chemicals and coming in various designs. The primary advantage of rechargeable batteries is economical since people can use and reuse energy.

At present, all batteries have lower energy density when compared with liquid fuels. Liquid fuels are four times higher priced when it comes to energy compared to electricity. An average vehicle able to travel around 125 miles daily can have energy stored in a battery pack cheaper than earlier types.

Affordable batteries are now ideal for medium-range electric vehicles. Another major benefit of batteries is its good environmental effect since construction, use and recycling methods are much better compared to gasoline. Charging and using batteries causes emission of natural elements like oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur.

Fuel cells are hassle-free but they are very sensitive to contamination. These also require external reactants like hydrogen and have lower power density and energy compared to petroleum fuel. Presently, pure electric hybrid vehicles continue to be limited in terms of application. Developments in lithium-based batteries are paving the way to full-sized electric vehicles in a position to travel as far as traditional vehicles. Only one charge may be able to go as much as a single tank of gasoline allows. Lithium batteries are less expensive to produce and may keep going longer than conventional vehicles. Re-charging may be enhanced as well from hours to minutes.

Storing Energy

An RESS or rechargeable energy storage system stores energy so as to provide electric energy. It’s also rechargeable comprised of electric batteries or ultra capacitors. Stored chemical energy in rechargeable battery packs or systems are employed by electric vehicles instead of conventional internal combustion engines or ICEs.

Hybrid electric vehicles is usually externally charged as a way to displace ICE power as well as gasoline fuel. External charging is done by plug-in hybrid electric vehicles or PHEVs. The power is then stored in the battery pack or system to be afterwards used with limited range and power.

You will find various mechanisms incorporated in hybrid electric vehicles so as to store energy in batteries. One common example is regenerative braking wherein the electric engine automatically stores and saves energy when the vehicle is idling, coasting or slowing down.

The engine can easily switch to and from two engines determined by power required by the driver. Using one fuel source will spur another engine to store energy in the batteries. There are also hybrid electric vehicles that automatically shut down when at a full stop which further improves battery storage. As a result, vehicles will be able to travel for longer periods of time, cover longer distances and also save more fuel.

Battery Storage Processes

The electric engine in HEVs or hybrid electric vehicles should normally recharge and store energy when gasoline is currently being used as fuel. There are many more recharging methods for battery storage like using off-peak energy from excess on-peak electric power. Through electronic control, the electric motor could be decoupled with the battery. Ultra capacitors can then supply small power demands and regenerative braking energy.

New cell types are also developed with improvements in cell management capable to fix regenerative braking and small power demands. Cell configuration and maintenance are done during cell management. New technology now allows configuration and maintenance of merely one cell at a time even if all others are being used.

Pure BEVs or battery electric vehicles required charging stations with recent developments that caused charging periods to last just for minutes at a time. Charging power could be provided through electric coupling in two approaches. One is conductive coupling which has direct electrical connection to the batteries while the second is inductive charging which uses a paddle. The paddle is inserted right into a car slot completing a magnetic circuit which gives power to the battery pack.

Filed Under: Hybrid Cars

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